by

1. preposition

1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) (au)près de

2) (past: going by the house.) (en passant) devant

3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) par

4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) par

5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) par, en

6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) par

7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) (...) au plus tard

8) (during the time of.) de

9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) de

10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) sur

11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) au/à la/aux

12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de

2. adverb

1) (near: They stood by and watched.) près, à proximité

2) (past: A dog ran by.) par là

3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) de côté

•

- bygones: let bygones be bygones

- bypass 3. verb

(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) contourner

- by-product

- bystander - by and by - by and large - by oneself - by the way

English-French dictionary. 2014.